Local DNS Installation Procedure Using Raspberry Pi

Requirement and Devices

Devices check-list
- Two Raspberry Pi (server, client) + 16GB SD Card
- Networking devices: switch, network Cable, Router , Keyboard and Mouse.
Technology
- Raspberry Pi Ubuntu Server Operating System
  - Reference: https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi
- Raspberry Pi Imager
  - Reference: https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/
  - Putty for remote ssh to our Raspberry Pi
  - Reference: https://www.putty.org/
System Physical Architecture

Installation Process

We assume that:

Both Raspberry Pi have been installed ubuntu server operating system
Our local network has been connected to internet and local network with LAN: 192.168.0.1/24 (gateway: 192.168.0.1)

DNS Server:

Hostname: server.inforsec.com
IP address: 192.168.0.2

DNS Client:

Hostname: client.infosec.com
IP address: 192.168.0.3

DNS Package Installation

we use bind9 package for our DNS server and dnsutils for troubleshooting tool

sudo apt install bind9 dnsutils

DNS File Configuration

After we installed the packaged in our DNS server, we will get the configuration folder in /etc/bind/

/etc/bind/named.conf.options: global DNS options
/etc/bind/named.conf.local: for your zones
/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones: default zones such as localhost, its reverse, and the root hints

First of all we have to configure our zones so we have domain zone and IP zone (forward zone and reverse zone)

Sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

then we add the configuration of both zones into file

Note:for indenting we can’t use tab button, we have to use space button

Forward zone and Reverse zone:

zone "infosec.com" IN {

     type master;
     file "/etc/bind/db.infosec.com";

}; //db.infosec.com it is just the name so we can put anything we want

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;
     file "/etc/bind/db.192";

}; //the same case that db.192 it is just the name so we can but anything we want

Secondly, we have to configure file of each zones (forward and reverse zone) Forward zone: db.infosec.com

    The configuration template have been made similar to the db.local so we can copy that file to be our file (db.infosec.com) and db.192 is the same structure too.

Sudo cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/db.infosec.com
Sudo nano /etc/bind/db.infosec.com

BIND data file for local loopback interface

$TTL 604800

@ IN SOA server.infosec.com. root.server.infosec.com. (

                             2         ; Serial
                        604800         ; Refresh
                         86400         ; Retry
                       2419200         ; Expire
                        604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL

@ IN NS server.infosec.com.

@ IN A 192.168.0.2

server IN A 192.168.0.2

host IN A 192.168.0.2

client IN A 192.168.0.3

client1 IN A 192.168.0.3

server and host is the name that we set for machine 192.168.0.2 (DNS Server)

client and client1 are the name that we set for machine 192.168.0.3

Sudo cp /etc/bind/db.infosec.com /etc/bind/db.192
Sudo nano /etc/bind/db.192

BIND data file for local loopback interface

$TTL 604800

@ IN SOA server.infosec.com. root.server.infosec.com. (

                             2               ; Serial
                        604800               ; Refresh
                         86400               ; Retry
                       2419200               ; Expire
                        604800 )             ; Negative Cache TTL

@ IN NS server.infosec.com.

@ IN PTR infosec.com

server IN A 192.168.0.2

host IN A 192.168.0.2

client IN A 192.168.0.3

client1 IN A 192.168.0.3

2 IN PTR server.infosec.com

3 IN PTR client.infosec.com

Thirdly, we have to configure our network address and resolv.conf file

To configure the network interface as we use version 20.0 so it is configured by netplan.

Sudo nano /etc/netplan/file_name

File_name it is already created so we can go to that location we will get it. The apply this configuration

network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: no
            addresses: [192.168.0.2/24]
            gateway4: 192.168.0.1
            nameservers:
                   search: [infosec.com]
                   addresses: [192.168.0.2]

Then we have to write this command to apply the configuration

Sudo netplan apply

Finally, we have to configure resolv.conf

Sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

Nameserver 192.168.0.2 Search infosec.com

For client side we use configure network address like the interface above but with different IP address and set resolv.conf the same as DNS server.

Testing

To test if our configuration is correct or not, we can use ping and nslookup.
-	If you use ping it will respond, even you use IP or name of server. 	
    PING 192.168.0.2 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.104 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.093 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
-	Using ping with name
    PING server.reatrey.com (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from server.reatrey.com (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
    64 bytes from server.reatrey.com (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.083 ms
    64 bytes from server.reatrey.com (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms

Hope You Can Make It Works As I did

Install DNS in raspberry pi

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